Cancer is a group of diseases that begins with DNA damage in cells and results in uncontrolled cell proliferation. Abnormal cells form tumors, can spread to neighboring tissues, and metastasize to distant organs, disrupting the body's normal functioning and causing serious health problems. Causes include genetic factors, tobacco use, alcohol, unhealthy diet, obesity, and infections. Symptoms can include unexplained weight loss, chronic fatigue, hard lumps, and skin changes. Treatment includes surgery, chemotherapy, radiotherapy, and medication, and early diagnosis increases treatment success.

Definition and Formation of Cancer

Uncontrolled Cell Division:

Cancer occurs when the body's cells, which normally divide in a regular pattern, disrupt this pattern due to DNA damage, leading to continuous and uncontrolled proliferation.

Tumor Formation:

These abnormal cells cluster together to form masses called tumors.

Metastasis:

Cancer cells can spread from their location to surrounding tissues and organs in distant parts of the body through the blood and lymphatic channels. This is called metastasis.

Causes of Cancer

Genetic Predisposition: Mutations in the DNA of cells can lead to cancer.

Environmental Factors:

Lifestyle: Tobacco and alcohol use, obesity, an unbalanced diet, and inadequate physical activity increase the risk of cancer.

Sunlight: Prolonged sun exposure and tanning beds can cause skin cancer.

Chemicals and Infections: Some chemicals can damage DNA, and some chronic infections can also lead to cancer.

Cancer Symptoms

Cancer symptoms vary depending on the type and stage, but generally include:

Unexplained weight loss

High fever and chronic fatigue

Hard, immobile lumps felt in the breast or other body parts

Changes in skin moles or warts

Bleeding in the mouth or sputum, chronic cough

Blood in the stool or urine

Profuse bleeding in the mouth or gums

Occasional vaginal bleeding

Cancer Treatment

Early diagnosis is crucial in cancer treatment, and the methods used depend on the type and stage of the cancer:

Surgery: Surgical removal of the tumor.

Chemotherapy: Destroying cancer cells using drugs.

Radiotherapy: Targeting cancer cells using high-energy rays.

Drug Therapy: Drugs that strengthen the body's immune system to fight cancer.

Combination Treatments: Sometimes two or more treatment methods are used together to achieve the best results.

Prevention and Early Detection

Adopting a healthy lifestyle (quitting smoking, limiting alcohol consumption, exercising regularly, and eating a healthy diet).

Participating in cancer screening programs and regularly attending doctor's appointments.

Learning the early signs and symptoms of cancer and seeking prompt medical attention if in doubt.